String Methods

Python provides a set of built-in methods that we can use to alter and modify the strings.

 

upper() : The upper() method converts a string to upper case.

Example:

str1 = "AbcDEfghIJ"
print(str1.upper())

Output:

ABCDEFGHIJ

 

lower() : The lower() method converts a string to upper case.

Example:

str1 = "AbcDEfghIJ"
print(str1.lower())

Output:

abcdefghij

 

strip() : The strip() method removes any white spaces before and after the string.

Example:

str2 = " Silver Spoon "
print(str2.strip)

Output:

Silver Spoon

 

rstrip() : the rstrip() removes any trailing characters.

Example:

str3 = "Hello !!!"
print(str3.rstrip("!"))

Output:

Hello

 

replace() : the replace() method replaces a string with another string.

Example:

str2 = "Silver Spoon"
print(str2.replace("Sp", "M"))

Output:

Silver Moon

 

split() : The split() method splits the give string at the specified instance and returns the separated strings as list items.

Example:

str2 = "Silver Spoon"
print(str2.split(" "))      #Splits the string at the whitespace " ".

Output:

['Silver', 'Spoon']

There are various other string methods that we can use to modify our strings.

 

capitalize() : The capitalize() method turns only the first character of the string to uppercase and the rest other characters of the string are turned to lowercase. The string has no effect if the first character is already uppercase.

Example:

str1 = "hello"
capStr1 = str1.capitalize()
print(capStr1)
str2 = "hello WorlD"
capStr2 = str2.capitalize()
print(capStr2)

Output:

Hello
Hello world

 

center() : The center() method aligns the string to the center as per the parameters given by the user.

Example:

str1 = "Welcome to the Console!!!"
print(str1.center(50))

Output:

            Welcome to the Console!!!

 

We can also provide padding character. It will fill the rest of the fill characters provided by the user.

Example:

str1 = "Welcome to the Console!!!"
print(str1.center(50, "."))

Output:

............Welcome to the Console!!!.............

 

count() : The count() method returns the number of times the given value has occurred within the given string.

Example:

str2 = "Abracadabra"
countStr = str2.count("a")
print(countStr)

Output:

4

 

endswith() : The endswith() method checks if the string ends with a given value. If yes then return True, else return False. 

Example 1:

str1 = "Welcome to the Console !!!"
print(str1.endswith("!!!"))

Output:

True

Example 2:

str1 = "Welcome to the Console !!!"
print(str1.endswith("Console"))

Output:

False

 

We can even also check for a value in-between the string by providing start and end index positions.

Example:

str1 = "Welcome to the Console !!!"
print(str1.endswith("to", 4, 10))

Output:

True

 

find() : The find() method searches for the first occurrence of the given value and returns the index where it is present. If given value is absent from the string then return -1.

Example:

str1 = "He's name is Maxon. He is an honest man."
print(str1.find("is"))

Output:

10

 

As we can see, this method is somewhat similar to the index() method. The major difference being that index() raises an exception if value is absent whereas find() does not.

Example:

str1 = "He's name is Maxon. He is an honest man."
print(str1.find("Maxoniel"))

Output:

-1

 

index() : The index() method searches for the first occurrence of the given value and returns the index where it is present. If given value is absent from the string then raise an exception.

Example:

str1 = "He's name is Maxon. Maxon is an honest man."
print(str1.index("Maxon"))

Output:

13

 

As we can see, this method is somewhat similar to the find() method. The major difference being that index() raises an exception if value is absent whereas find() does not.

Example:

str1 = "He's name is Maxon. Maxon is an honest man."
print(str1.index("Maxoniel"))

Output:

ValueError: substring not found

 

isalnum() : The isalnum() method returns True only if the entire string only consists of A-Z, a-z, 0-9. If any other characters or punctuations are present, then it returns False.

Example 1:

str1 = "WelcomeToTheConsole"
print(str1.isalnum())

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

str1 = "Welcome To The Console"
print(str1.isalnum())
str2 = "Hurray!!!"
print(str2.isalnum())

Output:

False
False

 

isalpha() : The isalnum() method returns True only if the entire string only consists of A-Z, a-z. If any other characters or punctuations or numbers(0-9) are present, then it returns False.

Example 1:

str1 = "Welcome"
print(str1.isalpha())

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

tr1 = "I'm 18 years old"
print(str1.isalpha())
str2 = "Hurray!!!"
print(str2.isalnum())

Output:

False
False

 

islower() : The islower() method returns True if all the characters in the string are lower case, else it returns False. 

Example 1:

str1 = "hello world"
print(str1.islower())

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

str1 = "welcome Mike"
print(str1.islower())
str2 = "Hurray!!!"
print(str2.islower())

Output:

False
False

 

isprintable() : The isprintable() method returns True if all the values within the given string are printable, if not, then return False.

Example 1:

str1 = "We wish you a Merry Christmas"
print(str1.isprintable())

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

str2 = "Hello, \t\t.Mike"
print(str2.isprintable())

Output:

False

 

isspace() : The isspace() method returns True only and only if the string contains white spaces, else returns False.

Example 1:

str1 = "        "       #using Spacebar
print(str1.isspace())
str2 = "        "       #using Tab
print(str2.isspace())

Output:

True
True

 

Example 2:

str1 = "Hello World" 
print(str1.isspace())

Output:

False

 

istitle() : The istitile() returns True only if the first letter of each word of the string is capitalized, else it returns False.

Example 1:

str1 = "World Health Organization" 
print(str1.istitle())

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

str2 = "To kill a Mocking bird"
print(str2.istitle())

Output:

False

 

isupper() : The isupper() method returns True if all the characters in the string are upper case, else it returns False. 

Example 1:

str1 = "WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION" 
print(str1.isupper())

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

str2 = "To kill a Mocking bird"
print(str2.isupper())

Output:

False

 

replace() : The replace() method can be used to replace a part of the original string with another string. 

Example:

str1 = "Python is a Compiled Language." 
print(str1.replace("Compiled", "Interpreted"))

Output:

Python is a Interpreted Language.

 

startswith() : The endswith() method checks if the string starts with a given value. If yes then return True, else return False. 

Example 1:

str1 = "Python is a Interpreted Language" 
print(str1.startswith("Python"))

Output:

True

 

Example 2:

str1 = "Python is a Interpreted Language" 
print(str1.startswith("a"))

Output:

False

 

We can even also check for a value in-between the string by providing start and end index positions.

Example:

str1 = "Python is a Interpreted Language" 
print(str1.startswith("Inter", 12, 20))

Output:

True

 

swapcase() : The swapcase() method changes the character casing of the string. Upper case are converted to lower case and lower case to upper case.

Example:

str1 = "Python is a Interpreted Language" 
print(str1.swapcase())

Output:

pYTHON IS A iNTERPRETED lANGUAGE

 

title() : The title() method capitalizes each letter of the word within the string.

Example:

str1 = "He's name is Maxon. Maxon is an honest man."
print(str1.title())

Output:

He'S Name Is Maxon. Maxon Is An Honest Man.